Fillings & Composites

What are Composite Fillings?

Composite fillings, also known as tooth-coloured fillings, are used to repair decayed or damaged teeth and to improve the appearance of teeth with minor cosmetic imperfections. They are made of a mixture of glass or quartz filler and a resin matrix. This material is applied to the tooth and hardened with a special light, bonding it to the natural tooth structure.

Who is Suitable for Composite Fillings?

Composite fillings are suitable for most people with minor to moderate tooth decay or damage, such as chipped, cracked, or worn teeth. They are particularly popular with patients who want a more natural-looking restoration, as they can be matched to the colour of the surrounding teeth. However, in cases of severe decay or damage, other restorative options may be more appropriate. 

Benefits of Composite Fillings

• Aesthetic appeal: They are tooth-coloured, making them virtually indistinguishable from natural teeth.
• Versatility: Can be used to repair both front and back teeth and to fix minor cosmetic issues.
• Minimally invasive: Require less removal of tooth structure than other types of restorations, such as crowns.
• Strong and durable: They can last for several years with proper care.

Drawbacks of Composite Fillings

While composite fillings have many benefits, there are also some drawbacks.

• Durability: While composite fillings are strong and durable, they may only last for a short time as other types of restorations, such as amalgam or gold fillings. They may also be more prone to chipping or cracking, particularly if exposed to excessive force, such as grinding or clenching your teeth.
• Discolouration: The filling material may discolour over time, particularly if exposed to certain foods and drinks, such as coffee, tea, or red wine. This can make the filling more noticeable and affect its aesthetic appeal.
• Sensitivity: Some patients may experience sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures after the procedure, particularly in the first few days. This is usually temporary and should subside within a week, but the sensitivity may persist in some cases.
• Cost: Composite fillings are generally more expensive than amalgam fillings and may not be covered by insurance in all cases. The cost may also vary depending on the size and location of the filling.
• Time: The composite fillings procedure may take longer than other types of restorations, as the filling material needs to be applied in layers and cured with a special light. This may mean more time spent in the dentist's chair.

Types of Composite Fillings

• Nanohybrid composites: Most commonly used composite fillings and have a balanced combination of strength, durability, and aesthetics. They consist of a mixture of nanofillers and micro fillers, which provide a smooth and glossy finish and are less likely to shrink or discolour over time.
• Microhybrid composites: Slightly stronger than nanohybrid composites but may need to be more aesthetically pleasing. They consist of a mixture of micro fillers and nanofillers, which provide good strength and durability but may not blend in well with the surrounding teeth.
• Flowable composites: Used in areas where the filling needs to be shaped and contoured, such as in the front teeth. They have a more fluid consistency and can be easily moulded to match the tooth's natural shape.
• Bulk fill composites: Designed to be applied in thicker layers, which can save time during the filling procedure. They may also be less prone to shrinkage than other types of composites, reducing the risk of gaps or cracks.
• Silorane composites: A newer type of composite filling material less prone to shrinkage than traditional composites. They also have a low incidence of postoperative sensitivity and can provide good longevity.

Alternative Options to Composite Fillings

There are several alternative options to composite fillings, depending on the severity of the tooth decay or damage. These include:

• Amalgam fillings: Silver-coloured fillings made of a mixture of metals, such as silver, tin, copper, and mercury.
• Porcelain or ceramic fillings: Custom-made restorations bonded to the tooth and matched the surrounding teeth' colour.
• Crowns: Used to cover and protect severely damaged or decayed teeth.

What to do Before Composite Fillings Procedure?

Before the composite fillings procedure, your dentist will thoroughly examine your teeth and gums to determine the extent of the decay or damage. X-rays may also be taken to assess the condition of the tooth roots and surrounding bone.

Composite Fillings Procedure

The composite fillings procedure typically involves the following steps:

• Local anaesthetic: The affected tooth will be numbed using a local anaesthetic to ensure you are comfortable throughout the procedure.
• Decay removal: The decayed or damaged part of the tooth will be removed using a drill or laser.
• Tooth preparation: The tooth will be cleaned and prepared for the filling material.
• Filling application: The composite filling material will be applied to the prepared tooth and shaped to match the surrounding teeth.
• Curing: A special light will harden the filling material, bonding it to the tooth.
• Polishing: The filling will be polished to smooth rough edges and make it look natural.

What to Expect after Composite Fillings Procedure?

After the composite fillings procedure, you may experience some sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures for a few days. This is normal and should subside within a week. You should also avoid eating or drinking anything for at least an hour after the procedure to give the filling material time to set.

Composite Fillings Aftercare

After getting composite fillings, it is important to take proper care of your teeth to ensure they last as long as possible. Here are some tips for composite fillings aftercare:

• Avoid eating or drinking for at least an hour after the procedure to give the filling material time to set.
• Be mindful of what you eat and avoid biting down on hard or sticky foods, as this can damage the filling material.
• Brush your teeth twice daily and floss daily to maintain good oral hygiene. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid damaging the filling material.
• Use a fluoride mouthwash to help protect your teeth against decay and to strengthen the filling material.
• Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings to ensure your fillings are in good condition and to catch any potential issues early.
• Talk to your dentist if you experience any sensitivity or pain after the procedure. They may recommend desensitising toothpaste or other treatment to alleviate the discomfort.
• Avoid grinding or clenching your teeth, as this can damage the filling material and increase the risk of cracks or chips.

How Long Do Composite Fillings Last?

The lifespan of composite fillings can vary depending on several factors, including the location of the filling, the size of the filling, and your oral hygiene habits. With proper care and maintenance, composite fillings can last for several years, typically between five to ten years. However, in some cases, they can last even longer. 

It is important to remember that composite fillings may need to be replaced eventually, as they may become worn, discoloured, or damaged over time. Regular check-ups with your dentist can help catch any issues early and ensure your fillings are in good condition.

Risks of Composite Fillings

Although composite fillings are generally considered safe and effective, some risks are associated with the procedure. These include:

• Sensitivity: Some patients may experience sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures after the procedure.
• Discolouration: The filling material may discolour over time, particularly if exposed to certain foods and drinks.
• Cracks or chips: The filling material may crack or chip if exposed to excessive force, such as grinding or clenching your teeth.

Are Composite Fillings Safe?

Composite fillings are generally considered safe for most patients. The materials used in composite fillings, such as the resin matrix and glass or quartz filler, have been extensively tested and have a long history of safe use in dentistry.

Composite fillings are also considered a safer alternative to older fillings, such as amalgam fillings containing mercury. While amalgam fillings have been used safely for many years, some patients may be concerned about the potential health risks associated with mercury exposure.

Why Consider Fillings for Tooth Decay?

Composite fillings are particularly popular for tooth decay because they can be colour-matched to the surrounding teeth, making them virtually indistinguishable from natural teeth. They also require less tooth structure removal than other restorations, such as crowns, and are less likely to cause post-operative sensitivity.

However, composite fillings may not be suitable for all types of tooth decay. If the decay is too extensive, your dentist may recommend a more extensive restoration, such as a crown or inlay/onlay. They will also consider factors such as the location and size of the decay, as well as your aesthetic preferences and budget.



If you have tooth decay or suspect that you may have a cavity, it is important to seek treatment as soon as possible to prevent further damage to your teeth.